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St Winnow cornwall

 

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St Winnow Cornish: Sen Gwynnek
St Winnow Parish Church
St Winnow Location within Cornwall
Population	312 (United Kingdom Census 2011 including Braddock)
OS grid reference	SX1157
Civil parish	St Winnow
Unitary authority	Cornwall Council
Ceremonial county	Cornwall
Region	South West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LOSTWITHIEL
Postcode district	PL22
Dialling code	01208
Police	Devon and Cornwall
Fire	Cornwall
Ambulance	South Western
UK Parliament	South East Cornwall
List of places   UK England Cornwall 50.383°N 4.652°WCoordinates: 50.383°N 4.652°W

St Nectan's Chapel

St Winnow churchyard

Respryn Bridge over the River Fowey^[1]

St Winnow (Cornish: Sen Gwynnek^[2]) is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Its name may be connected with either that of Saint Winnoc or Saint Winwaloe. It has a population of 304,^[3] which had increased to 328 at the 2011 census.^[4] The church town is on the east bank of the River Fowey south of Lostwithiel. Part of the village of Lerryn lies within the parish as does the Chapel of St Nectan. The Redlake Meadows & Hoggs Moor, a Site of Special Scientific Interest is also in the parish.

Contents

• 1History and antiquities
• 2Churches and chapels
  • 2.1Parish church
  • 2.2Chapels
• 3Education
• 4Transport
• 5Ethy
• 6References
• 7Further reading
• 8External links

History and antiquities[edit]

St Winnow was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as San Winnuc. In 1644-45, some ninety people from the parish died of the plague: only four were soldiers but a campaign of the Civil War was going on at the time.

Andrew Langdon (1996) records three stone crosses in the parish. A cross found at Higher Coombe in 1903 was afterwards erected at St Nectan's chapel. A cross from Lanlivery was made into the upper section of "The Monument" on Druids Hill. It was brought from Lanlivery in 1846; this monument commemorates the loss of life in the Battle of Braddock Down in 1643. A third cross called Waterlake Cross stands in a private garden near Respryn.^[5] The third cross had already been recorded by Arthur G. Langdon in 1896; at Waterlake, a hamlet near Bodmin Road station, there is a Cornish cross.^[6]

Churches and chapels[edit]

Parish church[edit]

This is of Norman foundation but the present building is almost entirely of the 15th century. The rood screen survives and there is some interesting stained glass.

The church is at the riverside, next to a quay at the limit of navigation of the River Fowey. It is probably on the site of the 7th century oratory of St Winnoc. A stone church was built in the 12th century, probably cruciform in plan, and there are traces of the Norman stonework on the north side. The transept arch was reconstructed in the 13th century. About 1465 the south wall was demolished and the south aisle, arcade and roofs built. The chancel was restored by J. H. Seddon in the 19th century, retaining the 16th century east window. The west tower is of standard Cornish Perpendicular style. There is stained glass of c. 1500 in the east windows of the chancel and S aisle. The 16th century rood screen, carved with leaves and flowers, was restored by Violet Pinwell in 1907 (by Edmund H. Sedding according to Pevsner). The loft, rood and some of the south aisle screen were newly made in the restoration. The granite font, carved with angels bearing shields, is 14th century. The pulpit is of c.1600 and richly carved. There are also carved bench ends of various dates from 1485 to 1630. The monuments include one in slate to William Sawle, d. 1651.

A burial plot with Celtic-style headstones for the Vivian family occupies the north-west corner of the churchyard.

Chapels[edit]

The chapel of St Nectan is of the 13th and 15th centuries but the north aisle was added in 1825. The tower has lost its upper stages due to the Civil War (1644).^[7] The medieval parish was larger and included Boconnoc and St Bradoc: the chapels of St Nectan and St Martin's at Respryn were quasi-parochial.^[8] The 14th century font from Respryn was reused at Herodsfoot.

Education[edit]

The Fowey estuary at St Winnow

There is a primary school in St Winnow, St Winnow C E School. The majority of children aged between 11 and 16 attend Fowey River Academy.

Transport[edit]

Due to delays in securing the site for Bodmin Road, the Cornwall Railway provided a temporary station at Respryn for the opening of the line on 4 May 1859 until the permanent station was ready on 27 June 1859.

Respryn Bridge (illustrated above right) is a fine medieval stone bridge over the River Fowey. The present bridge was built in the 15th century to replace one which had already existed in 1300.^[9]

Ethy[edit]

Further information: Lerryn § Ethy

References[edit]

1. ^ This was the site of a major battle between Cavaliers and Roundheads during the Civil War
2. ^ "Cornish Language Partnership : Place names in the SWF". Magakernow.org.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
3. ^ "Check Browser Settings". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
4. ^ "Parish population 2011". Genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
5. ^ Langdon, A. G. (2005) Stone Crosses in East Cornwall; 2nd ed. Federation of Old Cornwall Societies; pp. 70-72
6. ^ Langdon, A. G. (1896) Old Cornish Crosses. Truro: Joseph Pollard; pp. 68-69
7. ^ Pevsner (1970) Cornwall, 2nd ed. Penguin Books, pp. 196, 204-05
8. ^ Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; pp. 220-221
9. ^ Beacham, Peter & Pevsner, Nikolaus (2014). Cornwall. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12668-6; p. 274

Further reading[edit]

• Cornwall portal

• Brown, H. Miles. (1994) The Book of St Winnow. Liskeard: Artworks.

External links[edit]

•  Media related to St Winnow at Wikimedia Commons
• GENUKI website; St Winnow
• Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for St Winnow

Early theories why Wiltshire

Early theories why Wiltshire road buckled and cracked
24 FEB, 2022 BY CATHERINE KENNEDY
3/4 The council is awaiting a report from geotechnical specialists
4/4 Remedial works have been undertaken on the road in the past
1/4 Large cracks have appeared in the B4069 road near Lyneham in Wiltshire
2/4 The road has been closed since 17 February
3/4 The council is awaiting a report from geotechnical specialists
4/4 Remedial works have been undertaken on the road in the past
1/4 Large cracks have appeared in the B4069 road near Lyneham in Wiltshire
2/4 The road has been closed since 17 February
3/4 The council is awaiting a report from geotechnical specialists
4/4 Remedial works have been undertaken on the road in the past
Ground movement triggered by increased pore water pressure build-up is likely to have caused large cracks that have appeared in a Wiltshire road, according to a leading geotechnical specialist.
The B4069 road near Lyneham in Wiltshire has been closed since 17 February due to subsidence.
Geotechnical specialist Clive Edmonds told NCE that images of the damage - which show the road surface "heaved and then falling away in level" - suggest that "mass movement of the slope has been triggered probably by locally increased pore water pressure build-up in the slope profile leading to renewed landslide activity".
He added: "This sort of movement would account for the highly irregular switch-back look along the road alignment and cracking of the surface.”
Edmonds explained that the road “coincides geologically with an area where the Jurassic age Stanford Formation (limestone) appears to overlie/overstep the Hazelbury Bryan Formation (sandstone)”. Both of these are underlain by the Oxford Clay Formation.
"The road appears to run along and down the contact between the sandstone and limestone above the clay stratum going downhill away from Lyneham," he said.
“This kind of geological contact tends to be prone to past periglacial weathering effects like cambering and mass movement so is likely to have been affected in the geological past by downslope mass movement of the sandstone/limestone strata over the clay."

According to Edmonds, it will take "time and money" to safely re-instate the road.
"Remedial works will need to investigate and locate the slip surface at depth and design measures [will be necessary] to drain the slope to alleviate pore pressures in order to stabilise the movement noted before any re-build of the highway can be undertaken," he said.
The council has also said the issue could take up to a year to fix and cost millions of pounds, with cabinet member for transport Mark McClelland telling BBC Radio Wiltshire that the damage is “not something that can be resolved in a matter of days or weeks”.
"It could costs hundreds of thousands or up into the millions [to fix],” he said. "There is significant damage to the road. It could be up to 12 months in total.”
Wiltshire Council is currently awaiting a report from Atkins – and McClelland said it would wait until it receives this before deciding the next steps.
"The underlying ground has slipped and we need to understand why that has happened," he said. "This road has been subject to remedial works in the past and it has been a difficult road to deal with, but we've never seen anything like this before."
McClelland added that the road had "buckled" by around a metre in places. 

Civil Parish of Lyneham

Wiltshire Community History

Lyneham Search Results

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Lyneham

This page is one of 261 pages covering every community in Wiltshire, and is provided by Wiltshire Council Libraries and Heritage. A project to provide a fuller picture of each community is in progress, working on the larger communities first. When these 261, which are modern civil parishes, are completed we will begin work on a further 180 villages and hamlets to provide comprehensive coverage of Wiltshire communities large and small.

From Andrews' and Dury's Map of Wiltshire, 1773:
	Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre, Chippenham
Map of the Civil Parish of Lyneham:
	1890s Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre
From the Ordnance Survey 1890s revision of the one inch to one mile map. The modern civil parish has been superimposed.
From Andrews' and Dury's Map of Wiltshire, 1810:
	Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre, Chippenham
This is a corrected and updated edition of the 1773 map that includes the recently built canals.

Thumbnail History: The present day parish of Lyneham lies in the north of the county of Wiltshire and is made up of the villages of Bradenstoke and Lyneham and the outlying hamlet of Preston. Originally the hamlet of West Tockenham was part of the parish but in the 1960s it was proposed that it became part of the parish of Tockenham. Bradenstoke, which lies in the north west of the parish, was originally the main area of settlement. It was then known as 'Stoche', (meaning settlement), and the area was well wooded, having lain within the boundaries of Braydon Forest. It was from the 12th century that the settlement was called Bradenstoke, and this was applied to the area surrounding Bradenstoke Priory, which was founded during that time. The name 'Clack', (which means hill), first appears in this parish in 1310 and refers to a mound lying to the north-east of Bradenstoke Farm. Until the later 19th century this name was applied to the hamlet which followed the road to the priory. The area was also known by the name 'Lousy Clack', (taken from the teutonic 'lloew', meaning hill), and resulted in its inclusion in the local rhyme about places in the neighbourhood with steep escarpments or cliffs. The rhyme runs: White Cleeve, Pepper Cleeve, Cleeve and Cleavancy, Lyneham and Lousy Clack, Cris Mavord and Dauntsey. The name Bradenstoke was revived in the 20th century and by 1968 the whole village was known by this name. Lyneham, which is nearly a mile east of Bradenstoke, was mentioned for the first time in 1224 and was probably included in the Domesday holding of 'Stoche'. In 1198, West Tockenham was known simply as Tockenham but by 1293 was known as West Tockenham in order to distinguish it from East Tockenham in the adjoining parish. Preston, which consisted of two farms, a Methodist chapel and a few cottages in 1968, lies a mile and a quarter south-east of Lyneham itself. The western and southern parts of the parish are located on the Corallian ridge, which runs from Wheatley to Calne. The northern part of the ridge determines the northern, western and part of the southern boundaries of Lyneham. The two villages and Preston all lie on a part of the ridge formed of Coral Rag. To the west and south of the parish the Corallian ridge can rise to heights of 400 feet and west of Bradenstoke up to over 475 feet. The dip slope of this ridge gradually falls away to the south-east. It is due to its elevated status that the parish has an open outlook with little tree growth, except in the north where Lilly Brook has eroded the sand beneath Coral Rag at a place called Blind Mill. This has resulted in the formation of a steep gully that is thickly wooded. North and east of Preston is a network of streams which are tributaries of Cowage Brook and they converge above Littlecott (Hilmarton). Land was mostly used as pasture although some arable farming was carried out on the lighter, sandier soils around Shaw Farm. The Name "Barrow End", which is to the north-west of the village of Lyneham implies that there may have been historic activity there. Two sets of coins have been found in the parish. Roman coins were found near Bradenstoke Priory and Constantinian coins have been found at an undisclosed area of the parish. A skeleton, of unknown date, was found near West Preston farm. Lyneham Camp, a motte and bailey earthwork which is thought to be of Norman origin, lies in the north of this parish near Hillocks Wood. Another Norman earthwork, Clack Mount, rises at the highest point of the Corallian ridge behind Bradenstoke Farm. At the time of the Domesday Survey the population is likely to have been between 165 and 195 people according to modern Domesday interpretations. The population of Lyneham began to rise after 1801 until 1841 when there were 1,317 people. This included 179 labourers who were laying the GWR line in the adjacent parish. After this time the population declined until the arrival of the RAF base in 1940. This led to a sudden increase in population figures for the parish. Little has changed with regard to the roads of the parish since the 18th century. Lyneham Green was the junction of all roads as it is today. The Calne - Lyneham road followed its present course from 1736, being known as Even Lane at that time, and ran through the village. From 1773 the Swindon - Chippenham road entered from Dauntsey to the east of Bradenstoke Priory and then became the main street of Bradenstoke. During the Middle Ages this road was probably very important as it served the priory and Clack Spring and Fall fairs. After Bradenstoke the road ran north eastwards towards Tockenham. In 1887 a bypass was built to the north of Bradenstoke and after that the road at the heart of Bradenstoke declined in importance. By 1968 the Swindon - Chippenham road was the only main road in this parish. The arrival of the airbase led to the disappearance of two roads in the parish. One led to Lyneham Court Farm and on to Stockham Marsh in Bremhill, whilst the other travelled from Lyneham Court towards Freegrove. The eastern boundary of this parish ran down the west side of a road called Trow Lane in 1968. A small lane turns off this road westwards to Church End, where an early 19th century toll house once stood and survived until around 1960. Tockenham reservoir was constructed around 1810 to feed the Wilts and Berks Canal, which had been built north of the parish by 1801, and partly fell within the parish north-east of Blind Mill. This reservoir was later abandoned when the Swindon section of the canal was closed in 1914. By 1968 the section in Lyneham had been revived for boating and fishing purposes. Bradenstoke, flanked to the south by the airfield, remained relatively unchanged, certainly up to the 1970s, and still resembles the medieval village dominated by Bradenstoke Priory in the south-west. However, most of the priory buildings were removed around 1930. The village itself consists of a single narrow street, which is built up on both sides. The middle of the street widens and on its south side stands the base and part of the shaft of a cross that was first mentioned in 1546-47. South of this stands the church of St Mary which was built in 1866. Across the street from the church is Providence Chapel dating from 1777. A few houses have exposed timber framing while others still show traces of timber construction. Some may be of medieval origin, this includes a house at the corner of the road to Dauntsey, which has heavy curved braces to its framing. A house west of Providence Chapel, which is now three dwellings, has a jettied upper storey with a continuous bressummer and probably dates from the early 16th century. Two brick houses carry date-stones of 1762 and 1788. Several houses with thatched roofs and others with stone slates give a picturesque look to the street. At Preston, two farm houses are largely early 18th century. Preston East Farm however, includes a 17th century building. South of Preston West Farm is an older house, the main range of which was originally timber framed and of medieval cruck construction. Two of its cruck trusses have survived. There is a group of cottages near the ford at the eastern end of Preston, these are also timber framed. Shaw Farm, east of Trow Lane, is an 18th century building. The RAF station's arrival in 1940 and its housing developments have obscured parts of the village of Lyneham, straddling the Hilmarton - Lyneham road. The nucleus of the village lay to the north where houses are still grouped around the green. Also at that time the green was crossed by the Hilmarton and Chippenham - Swindon roads. Since the Second World War Lynehams's development was limited to an area west of Church End. This was where the new schools were located, surrounded by housing for the RAF base. There was also an extension to this housing in the apex of the Preston and Hilmarton roads. The airfield of the RAF base lies to the west of the Calne - Lyneham road. It stretches the width of the Corallian ridge from Bradenstoke to the edge of Catcomb Wood. RAF Lyneham was opened in 1940 and assumed full station status in 1942. By 1968 it covered over 1,200 acres and was the main employer in the parish. Land which had belonged to Lyneham Court Farm, Church Farm, Cranley Farm and Bradenstoke Abbey Farm was now used to create the airfield. Since the arrival of the airforce base the village has grown dramatically and can now boast of having many shops and services, as is often the case of towns near a military base. In 1968 the C130 Hercules, built by Lockheed, arrived and the station became home to the RAF's fleet of Hercules. De Havilland Comets were also stationed here at the same time as 216 Squadron. These aircraft were used for transporting the Royal Family and other VIPs. One of them, "Sagittarius", is now the RAF base's gate guardian. In the 1970s Lyneham became the main tactical transport base for the RAF in the United Kingdom. The Hercules have assisted in moving both troops and supplies in times of conflict, famines or other emergencies, and are now a common sight in the skies over Lyneham and the surrounding countryside. They are a much loved aircraft by pilots and locals alike being affectionately known as "Fat Albert". Sadly, however, in July 2003 the MOD announced plans to close the base by 2012 and to transfer the 50 strong Hercules Fleet to the airbase at Brize Norton in Oxfordshire. This will lead to 580 jobs being lost on the base and the remaining 1920 jobs being re-deployed to other sites. This will have an effect on the economic welfare of Lyneham and on its social climate too but we will have to wait and see exactly what these effects are likely to be.

Council	Wiltshire Council
Web Site	www.wiltshire.gov.uk
Email	customercare@wiltshire.gov.uk
Parish Council	Lyneham & Bradenstoke Parish Council
Parish Web Site
Parish Email	oakhatch@btinternet.com

Churches: Information on both current and disused churches and chapels. Schools: Information on both current and closed schools. Population 1801 - 2011 Photographs: If images have been added for this community they are available here.: We hold a collection of over 50,000 photographs of places in Wiltshire in the County Local Studies Library. These may be viewed at this library and copies of out of copyright material may be purchased. We can search for a picture of a building or event if you e-mail us with details. Historical Sources: A select list of books and articles is listed in 'Printed material'. You may go directly to the actual text from some of these. Printed Material: This is a select book-list for the community but in the case of a town there may be hundreds more books, pamphlets and journal articles. The full text of some items is available to view on this site. The Victoria History of Wiltshire (opens in new window) is a partnership between local authorities and the Institute of Historical Research at London University. The History of Wiltshire is now the largest county history in the country and is still growing. The volumes are divided between general and topographical with Volumes One to Five covering subjects such as prehistory, ecclesiastical, economic and political history. The Volumes from Six onwards are topographical and will ultimately provide a comprehensive and systematic history of every single town and parish in the county. (opens in new window) Explore Wiltshire's Past web site Newspapers from 1738: These newspapers covered this community at different times. Newspaper titles in bold text are either the ones you should check first for information about this community.   Maps: listed are maps on which you can find this community. All maps are Ordnance Survey maps.   Archaeological Sites: A Sites and Monuments Record (opens new window) is maintained by the County Archaeology Service and covers some 20,000 sites. The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society was formed in 1853 and have been publishing an annual journal since 1854. The journal contains both substantial articles and shorter notes on archaeological excavations, finds, museum objects, local history, genealogy and natural history. Folk Arts: Folk Songs from Lyneham Folk Biographies from Lyneham Folk Plays from Lyneham History of Buildings: The collections of the Wiltshire Buildings Record are housed in the Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre at Chippenham. Listed Buildings: The number of buildings, or groups of buildings, listed as being of architectual or historic importance is 38. English Heritage and National Monuments Record Local Authors: There could be an author who was born or has lived in this community. Literary Associations: Some communities have featured in novels or may have been the main setting for a book. Registration Districts: If you want to obtain a copy of a birth, marriage or death certificate you can contact the local registrar.   Frequently Asked Questions Search the Wiltshire Studies Catalogue This will take you to our library catalogue where you will need to limit to 'Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre' for branch and re-enter your search term to find books on the subject. Please enter more than one word, e.g. 'Salisbury + market' unless you are looking for a small community. Search Community Information Database Wiltshire & Swindon Archives Wiltshire Wills Search by name, occupation, or subject for details of a will from this parish held in the Wiltshire & Swindon Record Office. Genuki Family History - Wiltshire If you have a local history enquiry, contact the County Local Studies Library